Bis (2-butoxyethyl) Phthalate Delays Puberty Onset by Increasing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Leydig Cells in Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study investigated the effects of bis (2-butoxyethyl) phthalate (BBOP) on the onset of male puberty by affecting Leydig cell development in rats.@*METHODS@#Thirty 35-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to five groups mg/kg bw per day that were gavaged for 21 days with BBOP at 0, 10, 100, 250, or 500 mg/kg bw per day. The hormone profiles; Leydig cell morphological metrics; mRNA and protein levels; oxidative stress; and AKT, mTOR, ERK1/2, and GSK3β pathways were assessed.@*RESULTS@#BBOP at 250 and/or 500 mg/kg bw per day decreased serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels mg/kg bw per day (P < 0.05). BBOP at 500 mg/kg bw per day decreased Leydig cell number mg/kg bw per day and downregulated Cyp11a1, Insl3, Hsd11b1, and Dhh in the testes, and Lhb and Fshb mRNAs in the pituitary gland (P < 0.05). The malondialdehyde content in the testis significantly increased, while Sod1 and Sod2 mRNAs were markedly down-regulated, by BBOP treatment at 250-500 mg/kg bw per day (P < 0.05). Furthermore, BBOP at 500 mg/kg bw per day decreased AKT1/AKT2, mTOR, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and GSK3β and SIRT1 levels mg/kg bw per day (P < 0.05). Finally, BBOP at 100 or 500 μmol/L induced ROS and apoptosis in Leydig cells after 24 h of treatment in vitro (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#BBOP delays puberty onset by increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis in Leydig cells in rats.@*UNLABELLED@#The graphical abstract is available on the website www.besjournal.com.

A qualitative study of user experience， knowledge and attitude of e-cigarette use in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo understand the experience， knowledge and attitudes of e-cigarette users in Shanghai， and to provide evidence for the development of intervention programs for e-cigarette use. MethodsThe Respondent-Driven Sampling （RDS） method was used to recruit 40 e-cigarette users for qualitative interviews from November 2020 to February 2021. NVivo （11.0） software was used to code interview records， and the thematic pattern and relationship analysis were conducted. ResultsIn terms of the reasons and user experience of e-cigarette use， most respondents used e-cigarettes for the first time after recommendation of friends； The reasons for the current use of e-cigarettes focus on the subjective feelings generated by the use of e-cigarettes （easy to use， replacing traditional tobacco， and having many flavors）. Compared with traditional tobacco use， respondents said e-cigarettes tasted good and had no physical impact （they could be used all the time without making them uncomfortable）. In terms of the awareness of e-cigarette use related knowledge， the respondents' opinions on whether e-cigarettes caused health risks were mostly based on their own experience of using them， and they said it was difficult to identify real information online. As for whether they were interested in relevant knowledge， most respondents said they wanted to learn about the professional knowledge related to e-cigarettes. Regarding the attitude related to the use of e-cigarettes， most respondents believed that e-cigarettes are addictive， e-cigarettes are not a safe alternative to traditional tobacco， ande-cigarettes couldn't help them quit smoking. Three out of ten respondents said they supported including e-cigarettes in the Regulation on Smoking Control in Public. ConclusionThere are certain characteristics of e-cigarette users' feelings， related knowledge and attitude towards e-cigarette use that should be targeted to carry out publicity， education and intervention.

Recognition models of cigarette smoking behavior by real-time indoor PM2.5 concentrations in public places / 环境与职业医学

Background Public places are frequently polluted by cigarette smoking, and there is a lack of accurate, real-time, and intelligent monitoring technology to identify smoking behavior. It is necessary to develop a tool to identify cigarette smoking behavior in public places for more efficient control of cigarette smoking and better indoor air quality. Objective To construct a model for recognizing cigarette smoking behavior based on real-time indoor concentrations of PM2.5 in public places. Methods Real-time indoor PM2.5 concentrations were measured for at least 7 continuous days in 10 arbitrarily selected places (6 public service providers and and 4 office or other places) from Oct. to Nov. 2022 in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. Indoor nicotine concentrations were monitored with passive samplers simultaneously. Outdoor PM2.5 concentration data were obtained from three municipal environmental monitoring stations which were nearest to each monitoring point during the same period. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare indoor and outdoor means of PM2.5 concentrations, and Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze indoor PM2.5 and nicotine concentrations. An interactive plot and a random forest model was applied to examine the association between video observation validated indoor smoking behavior and real-time indoor PM2.5 concentrations in an Internet cafe. Results The average indoor PM2.5 concentration in the places providing public services [(97.5±149.3) µg·m−3] was significantly higher than that in office and other places [(19.8±12.2) µg·m−3] (P=0.011). The indoor/outdoor ratio (I/O ratio) of PM2.5 concentration in the public service providers ranged from 1.1 to 19.0. Furthermore, the indoor PM2.5 concentrations in the 10 public places were significantly correlated with the nicotine concentrations (rs=0.969, P<0.001). Among them, the top 3 highly polluted places were Internet cafes, chess and card rooms, and KTV. The results of random forest modeling showed that, for synchronous real-time PM2.5 concentration, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.66, while for PM2.5 concentration at a lag of 4 min after the incidence of smoking behavior, the AUC increased to 0.72. Conclusion The indoor PM2.5 concentrations in public places are highly correlated with smoking behavior. Based on real-time indoor PM2.5 monitoring, a preliminary recognition model for smoking behavior is constructed with acceptable accuracy, indicating its potential values applied in smoking control and management in public places.

Investigating Medical Cost and Mortality Among Psychiatric Patients Involuntary Admissions: A Nationwide Propensity Score-Matched Study

Objective@#Involuntary admission to psychiatric inpatient care can protect both patients with severe mental illnesses and individuals around them. This study analyzed annual healthcare costs per person for involuntary psychiatric admission and examined categories of mental disorders and other factors associated with mortality. @*Methods@#This retrospective cohort study collected 1 million randomly sampled beneficiaries from the National Health Insurance Database for 2002–2013. It identified and matched 181 patients with involuntary psychiatric admissions (research group) with 724 patients with voluntary psychiatric admissions (control group) through 1:4 propensity-score matching for sex, age, comorbidities, mental disorder category, and index year of diagnosis. @*Results@#Mean life expectancy of patients with involuntary psychiatric admissions was 33.13 years less than the general population. Average annual healthcare costs per person for involuntary psychiatric admissions were 3.94 times higher compared with voluntary admissions. The general linear model demonstrated that average annual medical costs per person per compulsory hospitalization were 5.8 times that of voluntary hospitalization. Survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model found no significant association between type of psychiatric admission (involuntary or voluntary) and death. @*Conclusion@#This study revealed no significant difference in mortality between involuntary and voluntary psychiatric admissions, indicating involuntary treatment’s effectiveness.

Timeliness of health science popularization in local media of Shanghai during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the timeliness of health science popularization during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） and its correlation with the epidemic situation and policies. MethodsThe original reports of health science popularization by 26 major media in Shanghai during the COVID19 outbreak between January 19 and March 25 of 2020 were retrieved， and the timeliness of the number of reports， media sources and categories， and contents were analyzed. ResultsDuring the epidemic of COVID-19， public media reported timely. Online media accounted for 63.35%， and text-based reports accounted for 85.90%. There was a correlation between the trend of the number of reports and the development of COVID-19 and the prevention and control policy issued by the government. After the change in the epidemic or the release of policy， the number of reports increased. The top four topics were personal protection， disease treatment， healthy lifestyle and psychological health， accounting for 18.62%， 18.54%， 12.96% and 11.74%， respectively. Reports focused on different aspects at different stages of COVID-19 epidemic， and the number of reports tended to increase one week after the occurrence of major events. ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 epidemic， the coverage of health science on media is timely and targeted. For future similar public health emergencies， it is suggested to respond quickly to major events according to the trend， to carry out publicity timely， to innovate the report forms， and thus make it easy for the public to accept and implement.

Timeliness of health science popularization in local media of Shanghai during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the timeliness of health science popularization during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） and its correlation with the epidemic situation and policies. MethodsThe original reports of health science popularization by 26 major media in Shanghai during the COVID19 outbreak between January 19 and March 25 of 2020 were retrieved， and the timeliness of the number of reports， media sources and categories， and contents were analyzed. ResultsDuring the epidemic of COVID-19， public media reported timely. Online media accounted for 63.35%， and text-based reports accounted for 85.90%. There was a correlation between the trend of the number of reports and the development of COVID-19 and the prevention and control policy issued by the government. After the change in the epidemic or the release of policy， the number of reports increased. The top four topics were personal protection， disease treatment， healthy lifestyle and psychological health， accounting for 18.62%， 18.54%， 12.96% and 11.74%， respectively. Reports focused on different aspects at different stages of COVID-19 epidemic， and the number of reports tended to increase one week after the occurrence of major events. ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 epidemic， the coverage of health science on media is timely and targeted. For future similar public health emergencies， it is suggested to respond quickly to major events according to the trend， to carry out publicity timely， to innovate the report forms， and thus make it easy for the public to accept and implement.

Smoking control calls counted and handled at 12345 citizens′ hotline in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To analyze the situation of smoking control calls at 12345 citizens′ hotline in Shanghai and investigate the smoking control hotspots concerned by citizens, the handling efficiency and quality of the hotline management, especially after the tobacco control ordinance was amended. Methods Statistical analysis was made on 48 945 smoking control calls, and data model established by natural language processing. Results After amendment of the tobacco control ordinance, there was a great increase in the number of smoking control calls, which reached a peak in 2017, and became 6.7 times that of 2016.Complaint report was the most important part of tobacco control calls, accounting for 76.24% of the total.Work and dining places were the main venue for complaints, while restaurants and offices were with the largest number of calls.The proportion of health departments in all responsible departments was the largest, accounting for 29.71%.Criticism and education were still the main way to deal with the problem, which was far from meeting the demands of citizens in this regard. Conclusion Publicity can mobilize the enthusiasm of the citizens to participate in tobacco control.The working efficiency and quality of responsible departments still needs to be improved.Citizen′s appeal can serve as a reference for future amendments to the law.

Intervention effect of smoking cessation clinics in Shanghai from 2016 to 2018 / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the general situation, smoking status, smoking cessation status and one-month follow-up examination in Shanghai, providing scientific basis for further effective development of smoking cessation clinics in Shanghai. Methods A total of 841 smokers who visited the smoking cessation clinic from 2016 to 2018 were investigated and 725 patients were followed up one month later.The data thus obtained were analyzed by SPSS software. Results In general, of the visiting patients in 2018, 91.3% were male, 50.6% were 35-55 years old, 57.1% had educational background in primary school or below, and 60.2% were employees of enterprises, businesses and service industries.In terms of smoking, 44.1% of the patients smoked 10-20 cigarettes a day, 34.6% smoked for 10-20 years, and 38.6% smoked the first cigarette within 5 minutes after getting up.With regards to the situation of smoking cessation, 72.1% of the patients tried to quit smoking before going to the clinic; 14.8% of the patients used electronic cigarettes to help quit smoking; 33.9% learned about the smoking cessation clinic through the doctors; 61.4% decided to quit smoking because they were concerned about their health and the health of their family members.According to the follow-up, the rate of quitting smoking in one month in 2018 was 48.8%;44.0% of the patients believed that their own determination was the key to quit smoking; 46.2% of the patients who failed to quit smoking believed that if they tried to quit smoking again, the biggest obstacle was the onset of smoking addiction. Conclusion The establishment of smoking cessation clinics in Shanghai can help patients quit smoking.However, there are still some problems in this regard.In view of the characteristics of the patients going to the smoking cessation clinic, we should find out the weaknesses in the propaganda of the smoking cessation clinic in time.For example, it is found that there are fewer smoking women, less educated and less farmers visiting the clinic; according to the smoking situation of the patients, we should clearly focus on updating the service quality of the smoking cessation clinic; proceeding from the follow-up situation, we should find out the the approach to the construction and perfection of smoking cessation clinics in Shanghai.

One-year intervention effect on smoking cessation contest among government functionaries in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To evaluate the 1-year follow-up effect of smoking cessation contest among government functionaries in Shanghai in 2015, providing evidence and basis for the effective intervention of smoking cessation. Methods A case-control study design was used for those who had quit smoking periodically, and their 1-year smoking cessation situation was investigated. Results At the 1-year follow-up after the contest, the relapse rate was 19.70%, of which 79.49% occurred within 2 months after quitting smoking.The main causes of relapse were the peer pressure and attack of smoking addiction. Conclusion After the smoking cessation contest, the 1-year follow-up relapse rate is at a low level, which indicates the contest among government functionaries in Shanghai in 2015 is effective.Education level is found to be a risk factor for relapse.

Impact of tobacco awareness on tobacco susceptibility among junior middle school students in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the tobacco cognitive status and factors associated with susceptibility to smoking among junior middle school students in Shanghai. Methods A total of 3 155 middle school students selected from 8 surveillance sites in Shanghai City, through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling were investigated with self-filling questionnaires.Data were analyzed by using the complex survey module of SPSS 22.0 after it was weighted. Results The rate of those thinking that smoking would make him/her comfortable, feeling smoking attractive, feeing hard to quit smoking, considering secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure harmful to health was 5.1%, 8.2%, 34.1%, 83.2%, respectively.In those who had never been exposed to tobacco, their rate of susceptibility to smoking was 7.0%, which was higher in boys (8.6%) than in girls (5.4%)(P=0.005).Those who reported SHS exposure at home, at school, on public transport had higher susceptibility to smoking than non-exposed ones.Mother smoking(OR=2.567, 95%CI:1.394-4.725), close friends smoking(OR=2.596, 95%CI:1.336-5.046) were the risk factors for susceptibility to smoking.Anti-tobacco media exposure and feeling smoking less attractive were protective factors correspondingly. Conclusion It is suggested that school based intervention measures should integrate both self-perception and social environmental factors to prevent tobacco exposure among youths in future.

Smoking control calls counted and handled at 12345 citizens′ hotline in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To analyze the situation of smoking control calls at 12345 citizens′ hotline in Shanghai and investigate the smoking control hotspots concerned by citizens, the handling efficiency and quality of the hotline management, especially after the tobacco control ordinance was amended. Methods Statistical analysis was made on 48 945 smoking control calls, and data model established by natural language processing. Results After amendment of the tobacco control ordinance, there was a great increase in the number of smoking control calls, which reached a peak in 2017, and became 6.7 times that of 2016.Complaint report was the most important part of tobacco control calls, accounting for 76.24% of the total.Work and dining places were the main venue for complaints, while restaurants and offices were with the largest number of calls.The proportion of health departments in all responsible departments was the largest, accounting for 29.71%.Criticism and education were still the main way to deal with the problem, which was far from meeting the demands of citizens in this regard. Conclusion Publicity can mobilize the enthusiasm of the citizens to participate in tobacco control.The working efficiency and quality of responsible departments still needs to be improved.Citizen′s appeal can serve as a reference for future amendments to the law.

Intervention effect of smoking cessation clinics in Shanghai from 2016 to 2018 / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the general situation, smoking status, smoking cessation status and one-month follow-up examination in Shanghai, providing scientific basis for further effective development of smoking cessation clinics in Shanghai. Methods A total of 841 smokers who visited the smoking cessation clinic from 2016 to 2018 were investigated and 725 patients were followed up one month later.The data thus obtained were analyzed by SPSS software. Results In general, of the visiting patients in 2018, 91.3% were male, 50.6% were 35-55 years old, 57.1% had educational background in primary school or below, and 60.2% were employees of enterprises, businesses and service industries.In terms of smoking, 44.1% of the patients smoked 10-20 cigarettes a day, 34.6% smoked for 10-20 years, and 38.6% smoked the first cigarette within 5 minutes after getting up.With regards to the situation of smoking cessation, 72.1% of the patients tried to quit smoking before going to the clinic; 14.8% of the patients used electronic cigarettes to help quit smoking; 33.9% learned about the smoking cessation clinic through the doctors; 61.4% decided to quit smoking because they were concerned about their health and the health of their family members.According to the follow-up, the rate of quitting smoking in one month in 2018 was 48.8%;44.0% of the patients believed that their own determination was the key to quit smoking; 46.2% of the patients who failed to quit smoking believed that if they tried to quit smoking again, the biggest obstacle was the onset of smoking addiction. Conclusion The establishment of smoking cessation clinics in Shanghai can help patients quit smoking.However, there are still some problems in this regard.In view of the characteristics of the patients going to the smoking cessation clinic, we should find out the weaknesses in the propaganda of the smoking cessation clinic in time.For example, it is found that there are fewer smoking women, less educated and less farmers visiting the clinic; according to the smoking situation of the patients, we should clearly focus on updating the service quality of the smoking cessation clinic; proceeding from the follow-up situation, we should find out the the approach to the construction and perfection of smoking cessation clinics in Shanghai.

One-year intervention effect on smoking cessation contest among government functionaries in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To evaluate the 1-year follow-up effect of smoking cessation contest among government functionaries in Shanghai in 2015, providing evidence and basis for the effective intervention of smoking cessation. Methods A case-control study design was used for those who had quit smoking periodically, and their 1-year smoking cessation situation was investigated. Results At the 1-year follow-up after the contest, the relapse rate was 19.70%, of which 79.49% occurred within 2 months after quitting smoking.The main causes of relapse were the peer pressure and attack of smoking addiction. Conclusion After the smoking cessation contest, the 1-year follow-up relapse rate is at a low level, which indicates the contest among government functionaries in Shanghai in 2015 is effective.Education level is found to be a risk factor for relapse.

Impact of tobacco awareness on tobacco susceptibility among junior middle school students in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the tobacco cognitive status and factors associated with susceptibility to smoking among junior middle school students in Shanghai. Methods A total of 3 155 middle school students selected from 8 surveillance sites in Shanghai City, through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling were investigated with self-filling questionnaires.Data were analyzed by using the complex survey module of SPSS 22.0 after it was weighted. Results The rate of those thinking that smoking would make him/her comfortable, feeling smoking attractive, feeing hard to quit smoking, considering secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure harmful to health was 5.1%, 8.2%, 34.1%, 83.2%, respectively.In those who had never been exposed to tobacco, their rate of susceptibility to smoking was 7.0%, which was higher in boys (8.6%) than in girls (5.4%)(P=0.005).Those who reported SHS exposure at home, at school, on public transport had higher susceptibility to smoking than non-exposed ones.Mother smoking(OR=2.567, 95%CI:1.394-4.725), close friends smoking(OR=2.596, 95%CI:1.336-5.046) were the risk factors for susceptibility to smoking.Anti-tobacco media exposure and feeling smoking less attractive were protective factors correspondingly. Conclusion It is suggested that school based intervention measures should integrate both self-perception and social environmental factors to prevent tobacco exposure among youths in future.

Inhibitory Effect of Magnolol Analogue CT2-3 on Colon Cancer Cells and Its Mechanism / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the anti-colon cancer effect and mechanism of magnolol analogue CT2-3， in order to lay a foundation for the application of CT2-3 in anti-colon cancer area. Method:Colon cancer cells SW480 and LoVo were cultured in vitro. Different concentrations （10， 20， 40， 80 μmol·L-1） of CT2-3 and magnolol were used to stimulate colon cancer cells for 24， 48 h. The effect of CT2-3 and magnolol on the cell viability of colon cancer cells was detected by cell counting kit （CCK-8）. Colony formation assay was used to detect the colony formation capacity of CT2-3 on colon cancer cells. Flow cytometry and Western blot were used to determine the effect of CT2-3 on the apoptosis of colon cancer cells and the expression of DNA damage marker phosphorylated histone H2AX （γH2AX）. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） generation was measured by ROS assay kit. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the effect of CT2-3 on expressions of mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2-associated X （Bax） in colon cancer cells. Result:The half maximal inhibitory concentration （IC50） of magnolol in two kinds of colon cancer cells after treatment for 24， 48 h were both higher than 80 μmol·L-1. While the IC50 of CT2-3 in SW480 cells after treatment for 24， 48 h were （54.59±1.73） μmol·L-1 and （29.82±1.13） μmol·L-1， respectively. The IC50 of CT2-3 in LoVo cells after treatment for 24，48 h were （66.68±2.11） μmol·L-1 and （46.70±1.81） μmol·L-1， respectively. Compared with the blank group， the colony formation capacity of colon cancer cells in CT2-3 groups （20， 40 μmol·L-1） was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.01）， apoptotic colon cancer cells were significantly increased （P<0.01）， relative expression of DNA damage marker γH2AX was significantly increased （P<0.01）， ROS was significantly increased （P<0.01）. In addition， relative mRNA expression of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， while relative mRNA expression of Bax was significantly increased （P<0.01）. Conclusion:CT2-3 can remarkably inhibit colon cancer cells， and the underlying mechanism might be that CT2-3 promotes mitochondria dysfunction and ROS generation by regulating expressions of mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes， so as to further induce DNA damage and finally lead to apoptosis.

Arginine Vasopressin-Aquaporin-2 Pathway-Mediated Dehydration Effects of Electroacupuncture in Guinea Pig Model of AVP-Induced Eendolymphatic Hydrops / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on endolymphatic hydrops (EH) and the regulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP)-aquaporin-2 (AQP2) pathway in guinea pigs.@*METHODS@#EH was induced in male guinea pigs by an intraperitoneal injection of AVP. For the treatment, EA was delivered to Baihui (GV 20) and Tinggong (SI 19) acupoints, once per day for 10 consecutive days. In histomorphological studies, cochlear hydrops degree was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and then the ratio of scala media (SM) area to SM + scala vestibuli (SV) area (R value) was calculated. In mechanical studies, a comparison of plasma AVP (p-AVP) concentrations, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2R) and AQP2 mRNA expressions in the cochlea were compared among groups.@*RESULTS@#EA significantly reduced cochlear hydrops in guinea pigs (P=0.001). EA significantly attenuated the AVPinduced up-regulation of p-AVP concentrations (P=0.006), cochlear cAMP levels (P=0.003) and AQP2 mRNA expression (P=0.016), and up-regulated the expression of V2R mRNA (P=0.004) in the cochlea.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The dehydrating effect of EA might be associated with its inhibition of AVP-AQP2 pathway activation.

Expression levels and clinical significance of serum 25 (OH) D3 and immunoglobulin E in children with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze the expression levels and clinical significance of serum 25 (OH) D3and immunoglobulin E (IgE) in children with bronchiolitis injected by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).Methods Ninety-six patients with RSV bronchiolitis were collected in our hospital from January 2015to July 2016.During the same period, ninety-six healthy children were collected as control group.Ninety-six patients with RSV bronchiolitis were divided into three groups according to the classification scheme of ExpertConsensusonDi agnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Bronchiolitis (2014).Serum levels of 25 (OH) D3 were recorded by using ELISA at 24hours after enrollment.At the same time, serum levels of IgE were tested.Results The serum 25 (OH) D3level was significantly lower in the observation group than that in the control group[ (55.2±10.3) nmol/L vs. (70.9±17.5) nmol/L, P＜0.05].The serum IgE level was significantly higher in the observation group than that in the control group[ (169.6±50.8) pg/mL vs. (66.8±26.3) ng/mL, P＜0.05].The serum 25 (OH) D3level decreased gradually with more severe symptoms and it was negatively correlated with the severity of illness (r=-0.75, P＜0.01).The serum IgE level increased gradually with more severe symptoms and it was positively correlated with the severity of illness (r=0.71, P＜0.01).Conclusion Serum25 (OH) D3and IgE may play important roles in the development and progression of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.

Effect of propofol and sevoflurane on cognitive function among elderly patients undergoing elective surgery under anesthesia

The objective of present study was to compare the effect of propofol and sevoflurane on cognitive function among elderly patients undergoing elective surgery under anesthesia. Elderly patient who met eligibility criteria were randomized to receive Intravenous anesthetic [propofol] or Inhalation anesthetic [sevoflurane, Group II] in allocation ratio of 1:1. The following variables were assessed, 1] recovery time; 2] measurement of attention and psychomotor functions; 3] memory [verbal memory]; 4] obvious memories during anesthesia assessed by remembrance [recall] and recognition tests. A total of 200 patients were completed study. Statistical analysis showed that the recovery time was significantly greater in patients who received sevoflurane when compared to patients who received propofol [p<0.005]. Patients who had treated with sevoflurane had greater reaction time compared to the patients who had been treated with propofol after 30- minutes of anesthesia [immediate test] [p<0.005]. Similar trend of results was observed between both the groups after 120 minutes of anesthesia [delayed test]. Moreover, the patients who were treated with propofol had better memory score as compared to patients treated with sevoflurane. The difference was statistically significant between both the treatment groups in both type of recognition test [immediate and delayed recognition test] [p<0.005]

Reduction of Tat-interacting Protein 30 Expression Could be a Prognostic Marker in Bladder Urothelial Cancer / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Tat-interacting protein 30 (TIP30) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor, with reduced or absent expression in various tumors. However, its role in bladder urothelial cancer (BUC) has not been investigated. Therefore, herein, we investigated the expression of TIP30 protein in BUC and normal bladder mucosa and the clinical significance of TIP30 expression in the prognosis of BUC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We reviewed data from 79 cases of BUC and 15 adjacent tissue samples from 79 patients treated at our institution between 2004 and 2007. TIP30 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between TIP30 expression and tumor stage, histological grade, and survival was analyzed. Differences between groups were evaluated using the t-test or matched-pairs test, and differences in the survival rates were analyzed with the log-rank test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TIP30 protein expression was significantly reduced in BUC tissue (t = -6.91, P < 0.05) compared with normal tissue samples, and in invasive bladder cancer (t = 10.89, P < 0.05) compared with superficial bladder cancer. TIP30 protein expression differed significantly among different differentiated groups classified either according to the World Health Organization (2004, F = 17.48, P < 0.01) or World Health Organization (1973, F = 10.68, P < 0.01). TIP30 protein expression was significantly reduced in high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma compared with papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (P < 0.05) and low-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, TIP30 protein expression was significantly reduced in Grade III BUC, compared with Grade I (P < 0.05) and Grade II (P < 0.05). Patients with low TIP30 expression showed a higher incidence of disease progression than those with high TIP30 expression (t = 2.63, P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a strong positive relationship between TIP30 expression and overall survival (OS) (χ2 = 17.29, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TIP30 expression was associated with clinical tumor stage in BUC, suggesting that it might play an important role in disease progression. Furthermore, TIP30 might predict postoperative OS. Thus, its evaluation might be useful for predicting prognosis.</p>

Expression and Clinical Meaning of Plasma Soluble Receptor of Advanced Glycation End Product in Patients With Gestational Hypertension Heart Disease / 中国循环杂志

Objective:To explore the expression and clinical meaning of plasma soluble receptor of advanced glycation end product (sRAGE) in patients with gestational hypertension heart disease.Methods:Our research included in 2 groups:Observation group,n=57 patients with gestational hypertension heart disease who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from 2013-06 to 2016-07;Control group,n=57 healthy pregnant women at the same period of time.Based on cardiac function,the patients in Observation group was divided into 4 subgroups as NYHA Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and ⅣV;according to 28-day surviving,the patients were divided into another set of 2 subgroups as Survival subgroup,n=49 and Death subgroup,n=8.Plasma levels of sRAGE and BNP were examined within 24h of admission.The changes of sRAGE were compared among different groups and the impact of sRAGE on gestational hypertension heart disease prognosis was analyzed.Results:Compared with Control group,Observation group had increased plasma sRAGE (939.2±184.3) pg/mL vs (467.3±116.2) pg/mL,P＜0.05;sRAGE level was positively related to NYHA grading (r=0.76,P＜0.001),sRAGE had an elevating trend upon NYHA grade increasing accordingly,P＜0.05.Compared with Survival subgroup,Death subgroup had increased plasma sRAGE (1647.6±249.7) pg/mL vs (776.9±146.2) pg/mL,P＜0.05.The areas of sRAGE and BNP under ROC curve were 0.91 and 0.88 respectively,P＜0.05.Conclusion:Plasma sRAGE was increased in patients with gestational hypertension heart disease;it was related to severity of heart failure (HF) and could be used for predicting the early prognosis in HF patients.